The Internet And Taxation Essay -- E-commerce ecommerce E-business ebu

The Internet and Taxation A 19-member panel unknown to virtually all Americans is considering how to tax a virtual world that's home to millions: the Internet. The federal Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce convened for the first time Monday in historic Williamsburg, Virginia, but the setting is the only thing that's serene. On both sides of the debate, fireworks have been flying for months. On one side are consumers and businesses that buy and sell on line. Most of their transactions go across state lines, and sales taxes are not collected. They say imposing sales taxes on the Internet could stifle growth in an industry that is helping to drive the U.S. economy, and taxes could drive Internet firms overseas. On the other side are traditional retail merchants who collect sales taxes and the governments that rely on those taxes to pay for police, schools and roads. The retailers are losing business to the tax-free Internet. That cuts into the 36% of state and local government revenue that comes from sales taxes. The commission's task is to recommend changes to Congress that both sides can live with. It is faced with the current system of more than 3,000 state and local sales taxes. And the products that are taxed, such as food and clothing, vary from state to state. For that reason, the panel, might consider something as radical as a national sales tax. Its recommendations are due to Congress in April 2000. ''America is a world leader in information technology. We are at the cutting edge of Internet commerce, and we want America to maintain that position of leadership,'' says Virginia Gov. James Gilmore, the commission chairman. The debate will affect ''every human being, every potential customer, everyon... ...ead, marketing vice president for the Los Angeles-based research firm, were the lengths to which online shoppers would go to avoid taxes. Twenty-four percent said they would bypass well-known retailers that charge sales levies in favor of unfamiliar merchants that don't, to save on taxes. "That's a real indication of the concern about taxation," she said. Richard Wolf, Billions of dollars hang over Internet tax debate. , USA Today, 06-22-1999, pp 01A. J. Leffall, Lawyers tell e-commerce panel tax system needs overhaul. , The Washington Times, 05-31-1999, pp D13. Szabo, Joan, Net returns: just when you thought it was safe to do business in cyberspace....(Tax Talk)(Column). Vol. 26, Entrepreneur Magazine, 09-01-1998, pp 70(3). James T. Madore, Great Debate / Shoppers, governments in dispute over issue of online sales tax. , Newsday, 08-15-1999, pp F06.

Relationship between Private and Public Police Essay

In the beginning before private security it was the responsibility of the public police to protected the society and property within their jurisdiction that public law enforcement served. In today’s society public police work hand and hand with private security on a regular basis, either in public or in private functions. Also in today’s society you see off duty cops working as a part-time security officer at a local retailer or safeguarding assets for a company. Certain cities have giving Security officers within certain jurisdiction, such as Boston the power to make arrest do to the lack of public officers availability. The major thing that has changed over time for both public and private security and public servants is the training they must go through before entering the streets or the property they are protecting. The training and education and public officer must get is very hard and they must pass the training and schooling to be hired within the department, it is more in depth compared to what a normal security officer must go through. Security officer now half to go through a lot more training then they use to they must be able to handle people and deal with people on a daily basis. The training for a security officer has really change over the years it’s not only getting a drug test and background check some security companies not do extensive training because of the public views the security. Companies have chosen to educate the security officer because of liability problems that have occurred and exist in the workplace as a result companies have trained professional individuals to work within private security. Large security companies have realized how important security officers are for the public and how important it is to have trained security officer and increasing level of professionalism within the security officer force to establish better contracts to compete with public law enforcement officers. Normally public officers receive there pay from tax payers and are part of unions that back officers up. With that said most officer are not held accountable for their actions compared to an individual private security  officer. On the other hand private security officer can also avoid more serious liability issues, such as law suit due to someone constitutional rights, and injuries that they may have cause by passing them off to the company they work for due to the companies policy. Over the recent years there has been major increases within the hiring of private security officer compared to using local public law officer. It is becoming a huge trend to hire local private security to protect CEOs, political figures, and celebrity figures. They are now using private security companies to be personal protection which are subcontracted out to these individual in need of security. They important people have hired these personal security guards to protected them and also there assets. The small business have also started hiring private security officers to protected them and their assets You use to see Local law enforcement patrolling private property or parking lots but now you have private security taking over those roles. You also have private security such as shopping malls, casinos, and even airports have hired private security officers to protected the business assets. This is not just happening with security guards you also have private investigators who have started taken over the local law enforcement role in investigating murders, rapes, and abductions. Due to not enough funding for public law enforcement, companies like Target have open up their own investigation center that investigate crimes with in there company without having local law enforcement do it for them. Private security companies can now investigate crimes side by side with the police department and also work longer on the case compared to the police department because of funding. Private investigators have been known to build cases against criminals that will support the laws case or it can work the other way and the defendant can hire a private investigator to support their case to prove there innocent. The relationship between the public police and the private security are becoming more positive in a really good way. People are noticing that there is not enough public police officer to protected all of the community so to  let private security take over some of the roles it helps public police do jobs they may actual need to do. Companies have noticed that it is better to have extra eyes watching over there companies. Criminals will also noticed that private security officer and police officer are now working together and are not conflicting with each other and will it will prevent criminals from doing criminal behavior. The only down side for police is the concern that private security officer will take over for local law enforcement and they will be pushed out which puts a negative impact on private security officer to a point where local police officers are upset because they have dedicated their lives to their training and sole propose of becoming a police officer. There is a conflict between public and private space, which in fact can influence the relationship between private security and public police. Police at any time can detain someone that is a threat to someone or can even question them after being apprehend. Private security on the other hand cannot employ any police powers and may only detain and arrest as a citizen. Also Public police must have probably cause to search someone, while private security is exempt from violation an individual 5th amendment rights. Reference Li, G. (2008). Private security and Public policing. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2008010/article/10730-eng.htm

Strategic marketing

Strategic marketing Porters Five forces Analysis Harley Davidson’s goal for perfect competition relies on Porter’s five forces framework such as market rivalry whereby a business organization competes favorably in the global market arena as part of maintaining a well established competitive edge. The company’s market share and industrial concentration are favorably stable.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic marketing- Harley Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is due to its diverse product differentiation and the ability to raise and lower commodity prices without incurring losses. Although it is faced with threats of product substitute that emanates from other market players, Harley Davidson overcomes the challenge of accessory substitutes by making frequent replacements. On the same note, the global market is threatened by incumbent firms that tend to increase barrier to entry of new and sma ller firms. However, Harley Davidson uses the barrier strategically through price reduction in order to gain competitive advantage. PESTEL analyses for Harley Davidson Company Political factors Managers at the Harley Davidson Company are faced with diverse macro-environment challenges that impact the decisions they make. Some of the macro changes that effect its operations include the changes in government policy, demographic changes, trade barriers, new laws and tax changes. One key macro-environment factor affecting its operations is the political factor. Additionally, there are myriad of political decisions that impact the operations of Harley Davidson in vital business areas such as health and education of the workforce as well as quality of economic infrastructure like roads. Economic factors The economic factors include exchange and inflation rates, economic growth, taxation changes and interest rates. These economic factors impact the behavior of the firm in such areas as det erring investments since it makes the cost of borrowing to increase and exporting of its products becomes difficult due to a strong currency which raises the price of commodities. In addition, due to the current inflation problem, Harley Davidson faces the problem of raised operational costs and demands from employees who need higher wages.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social factors Socially, one of the factors impacting Harley Davidson’s operations includes massive changes in social trends. This has been found to impact the willingness and availability of its employees to work as well as the demand for its products. The impact of social factors is witnessed among the aging population who are part of its staff and require pension payments. This increases the cost of payments and hiring of new staff. Besides, it has to deal with the impact of the age d on demand. As usual, the aged do not frequently demand motorcycles what makes the demand among this age group to be lower. Technological factors Harley Davidson is making use of new technologies to innovate new processes and products. Its motor cycles, accessories and merchandise are all created for new markets and with room for technological improvements. Besides, it has adopted online business systems through which it markets and sells its products to online shoppers. Through technology, Harley Davidson has been able to lead in innovation, improve the quality of its products, create better two-wheel designs and reduce costs. Environmental factors Major environmental factors affecting this business include climate and weather changes. An external factor such as global warming is a significant problem to this company as it impacts both transportation and travel industries. Buyers prefer cars to motorcycles and this affects the sales of motor cycles and its business opportunities d ue to changing demand patterns. Legal factors Certain legal factors such as consumer laws, safety legislation, and employment as well as competition laws control and regulate its operations. Of greatest importance is the employment law that covers the issue of wages for employees, working hours, dismissal procedures and redundancy. Competitive advantage Some of the important competitive advantages at Harley Davidson include the fact that it has employed innovative capacity, strategic flexibility, organizational learning and effective technology. Besides, it has articulate strategic intent, competencies and resources that are non-substitutable and unique.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic marketing- Harley Davidson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ways for value creation/ ways for customer value creation Harley Davidson value creation methods include customer engagements, encouraging blogs and debates on products, creating value through transparency, risk benefit, access and dialogue. Evaluate H-D’s latest segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) Strategies. What are its major Strengths and weaknesses? Market segmentation in Harley Davidson is pursued with greater vitality to ensure that the existing market is understood even better and newer avenues to sell the products that have been identified. Lower prices for products to these economies act as part of crucial attraction factors and therefore essential marketing strategy for new products that are being introduced into the market. Other market segmentation that could result in greater sales includes consideration of individual groups’ behaviors to determine their exact preferences especially in the emerging era of great creativity. In terms of target, its products target transport businesses and companies as well as individuals. In terms of positioning, following the continued expansion of population in Americ a, Harley Davidson products have not been made more available especially in major towns. However, to promote the availability of these products, the company has resulted to online sales where consumers can order for their choice of products and get them delivered. Suggest 2-3 contingencies that H-D should contemplate (international/European/Asian markets? Younger generation customers, more focus on women customers? Parts markets? ) . What main changes to their current marketing strategy should H-D consider to minimise impact of these contingencies (just point them out and write 1-3 sentences in support)? Harley Davidson should concentrate on younger generation customers and international markets. To cushion itself from contingencies, it should be updated periodically such as offering staff training and develop mitigation options as these are key in risk planning and business continuity. H-D is switching its strategy to Crowd sourcing (last page). Evaluate this strategy in regards to H-D Is switching to it a threat or an opportunity? Why? Harley Davidson creative marketing initiatives based on crowd sourcing is a move aimed at engaging the broader community and its customers with its brand and the company. Besides, Harley Davidson intends to adopt crowd sourcing for community collaboration and consumer innovation.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Crowd sourcing is indeed an opportunity for Harley Davidson to increase its marketing initiatives. It will also use it as a production and problem solving model through which it reaches customers and communities and submits solutions to both its customers and employees. Pros and cons? Would it work for H-D or not? Why? Crowd sourcing can effectively work for Harley Davidson as it provides a forum where issues affecting workers and customers are explored quickly and at a cost that is comparatively effective. Besides, through crowd sourcing, Harley Davidson has the ability to tap from a wide range of opportunities and talents in the organization. Additional crowd sourcing provides Harley Davidson with an opportunity to gain first hand information from customers on products and preferences. Lastly, this model creates a crowd sourcing organization that encourages contribution and collaboration key for business growth. Analyze the major 5 principal factors behind switching to this new st rategy? One major factor why Harley Davidson made a move to crowd souring was to develop a consumer engagement project where a ‘community is involved to ensure that effective contributions or collaborations on products and services are made to enhance the performance of a business. Besides, crowd sourcing model was going to introduce the community to its product designs, innovations and new features. These were to act as incentives for motivating the willingness of buyers to shop for its products. In addition, it was a step to allow the broader community and customers to feel as a part of the company and to be engaged in its business activities. In addition, the focus of adopting crowd sourcing was to ensure that consumers and the community are satisfied ,with products and services offered. Advise to H-D of at least 2 major marketing strategies that they should consider strengthening their position. Applying RACES (Resources, acceptability, consistency, effectiveness, sustaina bility) criteria, which of these strategies would you advise the publication to adopt and why? Sustainability- Crowd sourcing is strategies that will link Harley Davidson with its customers and the community and as such offer it a unique competitive advantage. Effectiveness- Crowd sourcing is an effective means of presenting to a community or customers the initiatives of a business as.well as products and services. Crowd.sourcing will strengthen the position of Harley Davidson in the market. H-D is a company with strong marketing. What changes into H-D marketing department could be made in order to support new Crowd sourcing strategy and help H-D to strengthen its position in the market? Some of the important strategies that can be put in place include developing leadership capabilities to handle marketing teams and improving marketing skills. Building leadership capability is important in coordinating marketing activities while improving marketing skills is vital for overcoming dyn amic challenges that are common in contemporary marketing.

Assessing The Issue Of Child Protection Social Work Essay Essay Example

Assessing The Issue Of Child Protection Social Work Essay Essay Example Assessing The Issue Of Child Protection Social Work Essay Essay Assessing The Issue Of Child Protection Social Work Essay Essay ( Ferriter, 2005, p.369 ) . It could take the Church some clip to mend the trust it abused. However it might be prudent to observe that the huge bulk of Priests or Gardai were non involved in the sexual maltreatment dirt. It would besides be appropriate to indicate out that the Catholic Church does set about to work for the good of and with immature people, through church administrations like the Catholic Youth Council ( CYC, 2009 ) As kids we can accommodate to alter rather readily, we will turn to accept the absence of attention, albeit with fright. We will merely approximately survive in a helter-skelter environment, without a safe topographic point or predictability. But, we are kids and powerless, how do we lose the feelings of choler and loss, who can we turn to ( Brown, 1989 ) . Meeting the legislative and many of the protection and developmental demands of Ireland s kids s could be the duty of province organic structures or bureaus affiliated to a province organic structure. Such bureaus would run within a statutory remit and might include Government departments the likes of the Department of Education and Science ( DoE A ; S ) . The educational demands of all kids and immature people in the State are the duty of the section who plays a significant function in pull offing the system that maintains the constitutional right for kids to have a free instruction ( Article 42.4 ) . Another province section with kids s services as a big part of its portfolio is the Department of Health and Children. This section will intercede with the HSE besides a public sector service supplier, and societal workers to place and keep the safety of any kid deemed at hazard. This excessively is a kid s right, as stated in the Constitution of Ireland ( Article 42.5 ) , an illustration of when the HSE may execute its function in a kid protection capacity could be when for what of all time ground the kid can non be cared for by his/her parents. However societal workers instance tonss are heavy and as a effect some kids could be at hazard of continued injury. In 1999 the Department of Health and Children published the Children First Guidelines for the protection and public assistance of kids. The purpose of the guidelines was to ; facilitate professionals in placing kid maltreatment, to give the mechanism for describing suspected child maltreatment and to better services for kids and households ( McDonald, 2009 ) . This papers was to incarnate the rules of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UN CRC ) . The Convention advocates that the rights of kids and their attention take topographic point at the top of any signatory provinces legislative docket refering kids. This may non yet be the instance in Ireland in relation to its primary legal model. The Constitution of Ireland could be used to turn over any opinion made under late adopted Acts of the Apostless of kid related statute law. Despite Ireland s confirmation of the EU Convention for Human Rights and the UN CRC these cosmopolitan rights may non be immune to dis pute mentioning the Constitution of Ireland. As was the instance in 1992 when article 40.3.3 of the Constitution, was used in an effort to deny a kid her right of transition through childhood because the antecedently mentioned article gave precedency to the unborn kid she was transporting. This became known as the X instance, the State tried to forestall a immature colza victim from ending the gestation ensuing from her maltreatment ( Fay, 2009 ) . There may still be cause for concern that action by the Irish Government could give rise to the state of affairs where a constitutional statement might overturn subsequent European jurisprudence adopted into Domestic statute law. It could be asked what existent protection recent reform offers a kid in crisis in Ireland. We might inquire how effectual is the Child Care Act 1991? Or can the demands of the kid be adequately catered for by a system that appears to lawfully bias for protection in a reactive sense, as opposed to recognizing the kid s demands and adequately passing for the proactive satisfaction of such demands. Besides, should a modern legal system be vulnerable to inquiry, because some constitutional articles from 1937 have non been suitably amended to convey them in line with society s modern demands? No job can be solved from the same consciousness that created it. We have to larn to see the universe anew ( Einstein in Sterling, 2001 ) The Child Care Act 1991 should nevertheless supply for the protection of kids in crisis. It bestows on An Garda Siochana the power to take a kid to a needful topographic point of safety if there are evidences to surmise the kid may endure injury. This action can be taken without the necessity for a warrant. These powers may be influential in instances where a kid is enduring maltreatment or if sufficient evidences exist to say the kid may be at hazard. A kid might be removed from the place or other topographic point where he/she could be harmed. Through the Criminal Law Act 1993 it is now possible to screen occupation applier s prosecution history prior to employment in the societal attention, kid attention, instruction and associated sectors. The vetting procedure takes considerable clip and is non without fallibility. However the Garda vetting procedure could discourage those with condemnable records from seeking to derive employment with societies vulnerable. The Gardai can beside s move to protect kids from being exploited for fiscal addition ; offenses in the class may include child employment or deriving financially from kids imploring. Under the Children Act 2001 any grownup with detention, charge or attention of a kid who is imploring, will confront prosecution. The Act besides provides for the physical and psychological well-being of the kid through specifying kid inhuman treatment, and leting that any maltreater will confront apprehension and prosecution. Families in Ireland with kids under the age of 18 receive kid benefit. The bureau charged with administrating child benefit and therefore could be assumed to hold some function in kid public assistance is, the Department of Social and Family Affairs. For households bing in a province of income inequality the payment can do a important difference in the criterion of life for all in the family. It could be a factor for many kids and immature people in maintaining them from being caught in the poorness trap. However proposed new authorities policy in the signifier of budgeted cuts in child benefit payments could lend in puting some of Irelands working hapless into a state of affairs where their kids may endure the effects of poorness. And for those households dependent on other signifiers of societal public assistance payments, possible amendments in the Social Welfare Act 2005 may ensue in them holding related payments reduced, once more intending dire effects for the public assistance of kids. Poverty in Ireland is found decreasingly among the retired or aged and progressively among the unemployed ( and accordingly households with kids ) . ( Tovey A ; Share, 2003, p.168 ) . Children in poorness may non acquire to eat a cooked repast every twenty-four hours ; they likely wo nt hold appropriate vesture or places for the season. It is likely that they will endure the indignity of exclusion losing out on the satisfaction an of import developmental demand, socialization. It may be due to their drama environment, deficiency of parental supervising or hapless diet impacting their physical well-being. A kid life in poorness harmonizing to Professor Aynsley-Green ( Children s Commissioner for England ) is 15 times more likely to endure inadvertent hurt than kids from a more flush background. In 1996 the Irish Government launched its National Anti-Poverty Strategy ( NAPS ) ( Tovey A ; Share, 2003 ) . Puting kids at hazard of life in poorness is non in maintaining with the values of the scheme. It might be argued that the proposed alterations to policy might conflict with the Children First Guidelines, stated in the drumhead papers one definition of kid maltreatment is neglect ; most of the measure uping standards mentioned in this description would besides depict significantly the symptoms of poorness. In respects of young person work nevertheless, the province seems to be making a batch right. Possibly because of immense input from those runing within the Youth Work sector, policy for the sector appears to be reasonably good accepted and efficient. Youth work comes under the wing of the Minister for Education ; this happens due in portion to the Youth work act 2001. The Act makes proviso for representation of voluntary organic structures in the Youth Advisory Council. It clearly defines the term Youth Work supplying a construction for the preparation of those employed in the sector. The Act lays out in item the functions of the regional Vocational Education Committees ( VECs ) refering young person work. The Minister for Education has duty for young person work programmes along with development and co-ordination at a national degree. With the VECs at a local degree playing a important function, in presenting young person services. This may intend that the VECs provide support and advisory aid to voluntary young person administrations, using young person officers while at the same clip keeping other youth work staff and drafting budgetary demands for bing and extra local young person work services on the land ( Share A ; Lalor, 2009 ) . In Ireland there are many long established voluntary young person administrations, some with and some without church association. Working in partnership with the CO. Dublin VEC is the Catholic Youth Care administration. This bureau supports a figure of young person nines and young person consultative Centres. It is besides active in advancing community youth based undertakings. The VEC is connected through support to Foroige, another young person nine administration who in partnership with the likes of the Local Drugs Task Force and the VEC offers a figure of youth information Centres and assorted types of young person development and instruction programmes. The above-mentioned administrations are members of the National Youth Council of Ireland. ( Share A ; Lalor, 2009, p.369 ) . As an umbrella group they play a lobbying function besides hosting a figure of support programmes such as the Child Protection Unit ( Share A ; Lalor, 2009 ) . The National Youth Council of Ireland ( NYCI ) impacts on immature people through the many voluntary young person administrations it represents. The NYCI purposes to authorise immature people to develop accomplishments and assurance the tools to go active citizens. The function of the NYCI is recognised in jurisprudence via the Youth Work Act 2001. The NYCI endorses the values enshrined in kid protection rules of the United Nations and domestic statute law such as the Children Act 2001. The steering rules of the administration are that the best involvements and authorization of immature people are overriding. To this terminal the NYCI may dispute alterations in policy that might conflict on immature individuals rights. They will continuously recommend on behalf of Irelands young person and actively advance the engagement of immature people in determination devising. The NYCI works in partnership with over 50 voluntary young person administrations as good province bureaus concerned wi th young person issues including the DoE A ; S, to advance immature people in an holistic manner, in order to measure the most efficient mode young person services may be delivered. NYCI affiliated member administrations are offered preparation and associated supports to help advance a committed and uniformed attack to run into many of the demands for the corporate good of immature people. To ease this attack the NYCI act as a agent, sometimes guaranting a democratic and inclusive class of action for all involved in young person work whether service supplier and user. The relationship between the NYCI and its member administrations is good to working towards developing best pattern criterions. Reacting to the demands of its members and the immature people they interact with, the NYCI facilitates developing programmes covering many facets of young person work, to include protagonism, immature individual centred preparation and dependence recovery reding. Such preparation is in maintaining with the ethos of advancing the best involvements ; good being and democratic rights of immature people, and may travel beyond the statutory demands of the Youth Work Act 2001. The administrations ain policies and processs are designed to put accent on the results of immature people through equity and an just attack. All member administrations are encouraged to follow the values and nucleus pattern of the NYCI for the interest of the safety and healthy development demands of all immature people. The administration is proactive in its attack towards kid protection and works with its members and others to measure and turn to the kid protection demands of the young person work sector. As a primary advocator for the young person sector the NYCI can associate to Statutory organic structures, the demands and sentiments of the sector refering the safeguarding of immature people through effectual national and local kid protection policies ( NYCI, 2009 ) . Due to policies that enable this administration to negociate with and rede Government on behalf of immature people, youth workers and young person administrations it is perchance at the coal face for recommending for kids s and immature peoples rights. In decision, both formal and non-formal bureaus have achieved much since the early 1990s refering kid protection, giving due consideration to the demands of kids and immature people. The province has introduced statute law and amended some older jurisprudence every bit good as naming an Ombudsman for Children. Government has been influential in publishing new guidelines and policy to advance kid public assistance. The private sector has represented its ego as lobbyist for the immature. Recommending on behalf Ireland s young person. The private sector played a function in determining the policies and guidelines now excepted as best pattern. However, much of the kid related statute law in Ireland is based on values from an age yesteryear. Children and immature people should non hold to get by with the conditions of the twenty-first century, whilst holding imposed upon them twentieth century thought and patterns ( Laszlo, 1997 ) . Irish society demands to be more far-seeing, more flexib le and wise plenty non to sabotage new thought and systems ( Sterling, 2001 ) that could run into the demands and advance the sustainable public assistance of its kids and immature people.

Divorce through a childs eye

Divorce through a childs eye Introduction Children who are born and brought up in a family setup develop a special relationship with their parents. Each member of the family plays a critical role and a gap is recognized any time a certain member of the family is absent.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Divorce through a child’s eye specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Depending on the relationship agreements, the parents divide roles amongst themselves and children learn to live within the social class of their parents. Obviously, each of the family members would wish that the life trend continues forever, but sometimes, that may not be the case. A time may come when the behaviors of either of the parents change completely. The father, for example, may decide to become depressive and abscond from his duties. In such a case, the mother takes on the burden of caring for the whole family. If the father continues with the unimpressive behavio rs, the mother would become tired and seek for a divorce. Some cases have happened where the mother turns to live a reckless life that forces the man to resolve to divorce. The later is a rare occurrence; however, regardless of the cause of divorce, the children are the immensely affected victims. Children, especially those in their tender ages fail to understand why they can no longer live with both parents (Eisenhard, 2012). In this case, we have an interviewee who was a victim of divorced parents at the age of sixteen. The teenager was in denial since she could not believe or understand how she could just stop seeing her beloved dad. This paper will base its discussion on the interviewee’s answers to address the issue of divorce through the child’s eye. First impression of divorce in a child’s eye When life begins taking the other side of the coin, there is a lot of confusion. The interviewee started experiencing many unexplainable ill signs. The parents bega n trash talking each other, and each side of the family despised the other. The family members from the mothers said ill things about their father and the father’s family that despised her mother. The teenager was caught in confusion; she could not understand what was going on, neither could she tell whom to believe. At one point, the child watches his father sleeping with a cigarette in his mouth. This is a clear sign that her father was extremely depressed. On reporting the incidence to the mother, the innocent child gets blows the following morning. Her father is extremely mad such that he throws his shoe on her. This is a very disgusting scene and the interviewee indicates that the confusion affected her grades. Her grades dropped drastically during this period, and her emotions changed instantly. She could get mad at people easily and start quarrels with her siblings for no tangible reason. Form this point of view, it is evident that divorce is a scenario that brings in a lot of confusion, disbelieve and denial of the whole truth.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Family system theory and divorce The family system theory tries to bring out the exact relationship that exists between the family members. Each of the family members develops an interdependent relationship with the other. The relationships formed are so strong such that breaking the bonds proves to be very difficult (Bell, 2010). The interviewee indicates that she could have her mother’s family members talking ill of her father. Whether whatever the family members said was true or not, she could not believe them. The interviewee started seeing her father less often, and they could only meet in special places for some limited time. The divorce robbed the teenager of her beloved father. She really hoped that things would work out for her parents and they would get a long. The innocent teenager could not comprehend the fact that divorce meant total splitting of the family. However, despite the immerse interaction patterns that had formed between the family members, the mother could not settle for less. She could not get along with the infidelity of her partner, and she opted for a split family rather than a family of distress and agony. The interviewee mentioned that immediately after knowing that her parents were divorcing, she could not absorb the fact, and she kept on pushing the thought at the back of her mind. Her parents would fight at her sight and she kept on disbelieving what she saw. Although the interviewee found it difficult at first, she understood everything later on. After the divorce, each of the parents owned the teenager an explanation. The father had a story that defended him, and the mother had her side of the story. Finally, she had to settle on one truth, infidelity is what made her parents divorce. She is currently twenty years, and she can understand the agony that her mother underwent to seek refuge in divorce. Despite the fact that her parents divorced, she is happy for them because there is a lot of calmness and everyone is happy. Attachment theory and divorce As a family develops, strong emotional attachments form between the family members. Healthy emotional attachments between the family members enable the family to live happily. Parents who have a strong attachment to their families will work tirelessly to ensure they offer the best for the family. The children develop strong attachments with their parents, and as they grow, strong emotional relationships occur (Mercer, 2006). After the age of six months, children are able to identify and sensitively respond to their caregivers. As children grow, they seek protection from the people around them and thus build a special attachment with their caretakers. The children grow up believing in their parents, thinking about them, and expecting a lot f rom them.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Divorce through a child’s eye specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The divorce scenario caught the teenager in surprise. Throughout her life, she had developed a strong attachment with both parents. The teenager developed a separation anxiety because she actually lost a special attachment figure. At first, the interviewee could not believe that she could be a victim of divorced parents, but it really happened. With disbelieve, the interviewee’s grades dropped at first as her mind was preoccupied with the thought of her divorced parents. The interviewee had to develop an adaptive response, and she slowly gained back her confidence and developed increased strength that enabled her to score higher grades than before. The social life slowly changed and the interviewee felt like she would address her issues to her pals. As she grew, she developed a different perspe ctive of life. She grew up knowing that a marriage commitment ought to be taken seriously. From experience, the interviewee testified that individuals should understand that family splitting affects the entire life of the children. The interviewee was sixteen when the fateful incident happened, and four years down the line, she could comprehend everything. However, for her siblings who were very young when her parents divorced, it could take quite some time to comprehend everything that happened. Divorce and the social exchange theory The social exchange theory is very interesting as it explains the individuals’ interest in a family. The exchange theory states that individuals enter into relationships to reap maximum benefit and minimize the costs (Miller, 2005). In a family setup, the exchanges between the parties involved ought to be fair and balanced, thus enabling the involved parties to reap mutual benefits. The individuals in a family express behaviors that generate the greatest reward. According to behavioral psychologists, family members will repeat the gainful behaviors provided they reap the required fruits. The Unitarian economists state that human beings will research on the necessary information, and employ all behaviors needed to make rational decisions that would reap maximum benefit. However, in some cases, the more the individuals in a family receive the reward, the more the reward loses its value, and that is when relationships start becoming sour. The interviewee’s parents stated losing value of their relationship benefits when she was sixteen years old. The father could no longer find value in the intimate relationship with his wife, and thus he decided to become unfaithful. On the other hand, the mother weighed the benefits and costs associated with an unfaithful marriage, and of course, the costs outweighed the benefits. Probably, the father could no longer provide for the family as he did before. The attachment between the father, children, and his wife was lessened as compared to the early days when the father did not have a third party to attend. The woman could also encounter the risks and costs associated with contacting sexually transmitted infections if she continued to cling to the marriage.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There being no more benefits of confiding in the marriage, she opted for divorce. It took the teenager some time to comprehend the cost benefit analysis that made her mother settle for a divorce. It is after she reached her twenties that she understood the emotional sufferings that her mother underwent during those tough family moments. She is now contended and happy because regardless of the split family, everybody is living happily. Conclusion From the discussions, it is evident that children are greatly affected by their parents’ decision to divorce. However, it is necessary for people to take a stringent analysis of the underlying issue that forced one to seek for divorce before making judgments. Clinging to an unfaithful marriage would pave way to many life problems than resolving for a divorce. However, if possible, parents should always try as much as possible to keep their marriages. They should try to apply the utilitarian theory that requires couples to find out the necessary information of the behaviors that reap maximum benefits in the family union. Each of the family members should take actions that benefit the entire union. Divorce should be the last thing couples should settle for as it adversely affects the children as well as the parent who will be separated from their kids. As the interviewee stated, people who make marriage commitments should stick with the commitments since bridging the commitments affects the children as well as the entire community. References Bell, D.C. (2010). The dynamics of connection: How evolution and biology create care giving and attachment. Lanham, MD: Lexington. Eisenhard, T. (2012). The D-Word: Divorce through a childs eyes. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. Mercer, J. (2006). Understanding attachment: Parenting, childcare, and emotional development. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Miller, K. (2005). Communication theories. New York: McGraw Hill.

Management Accounting Assignment Research Paper

Management Accounting Assignment - Research Paper Example If this is done then we would split the  £32,000 administrative costs between the two. This scenario could also lead to more costs based on how much an employee costs in these areas compared with the costs in Nottingham. If the costs in Nottingham are lower than Leicester and Loughborough then the administrative costs would be much higher. Closing a division would mean firing employees and this might not make the company look too good. If we close the division and outsource the raspberry jam then we would be paying  £20.6 for each batch and our profit would be  £11.4 per batch. If we still sold 6250 batches then our total profit would be  £71,250. We would save the costs of fruit, sugar, labour, variable costs, and some overhead. This could equal up to  £109,000 in savings and could lead to some significant profit. We could then use this profit for other things or even for expanding the other two products. Advertising would create more customer awareness and possibly increase the demand for the product. The first thing we would need to consider would be how much we will be spending on this campaign. We do not want to overspend and receive nothing in return. If we have a decent budget for the advertising campaign we can then choose where best to spend our money. We would also need to decide how to advertise. We could use the papers, magazines, radio, or even television. Of course television is the most expensive of the choices but might be the one that reaches the most people. If we could put together a good campaign then we would need to make sure that we increase the demand by enough to cover the campaign. It would be very difficult to figure out how much our sales would increase and if we are unable to predict how much sales would increase then we would have a hard time predicting how much our distribution costs will change. Even if the campaign increased

New Media and Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

New Media and Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example The different kinds of social media that can be used to market products include social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, badoo, MySpace, blogs, and others. In understanding the use of social media for marketing purposes, there are several terms that must be understood. Such terms include the term social media itself. Social media can be defined as the usage of mobile and web based technologies to communicate and maintain dialogue. Social media usually allows interactions to take place across multiple platforms. Social content on the other hand refers to material such as blogs and micro blogs that form part of the social networking experience (Zarrella 2009, p. 1). The increased use of social media has had a huge impact on the way that consumers relate with the marketers and how they relate with the different products. The impact of social media on the relationship has mostly been a positive one where a higher level of interaction has been achieved. There have however been s ome negative impacts on the dependence on social media on the relationship between customers and brands. It has for example been suggested that the use of social media has led to a decrease in brand loyalty among consumers. The positive benefits of the use of social media however outweigh the negative impacts and it is therefore important for the marketers to understand the power and the potential of the social media on their products (Tuten 2008, p. 10). The change or shift in consumer behavior has made it necessary for marketers to adopt the new strategies to market their products. Most consumers have adopted online shopping as opposed to physically visiting the stores. This means that there is a large group of potential clients that are easily reached through the use of the social media. There has also been an increase in the amount of online activity by the potential shoppers which has made it necessary for marketers to venture online to reach more customers. This has therefore made it easier for the marketers to reach the potential clients. The increase in the number of social networking sites that are available have also meant that more consumers can be found in the social networking sites. It has indeed been stated that the social networking sites are responsible for the revolution that has been see in the consumer behavior. The social networking sites provide the consumers and the marketers a means to interact without being limited by geographical or time boundaries. It also provides the marketer a means to interact with the consumer without being limited by their budget (Kabani & Brogan 2010, p. 8). The social media has also improved the relationship between the clients or consumers and the different companies in that is more usable than the traditional means of interaction between the consumers and the clients. The technology that is used in the social media simplifies the process of interaction and is generally more user friendly. This mean that peo ple can use, simplify and even reinvent communications and the messages that are being communicated. The accessibility of the social media or social networking sites also improve the relationship between the consumers and the product. most of the social networking sites such as facebook and twitter are accessible via many means including through the use of internet enabled mobile phones. This means that they are widely accessible thus interaction will be more efficient. For